/* ============================================
   FarDU Journals
   Public Design System
   ============================================ */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@400;500;600&family=Lora:wght@500;600;700&family=Manrope:wght@400;500;600;700;800&display=swap');

/* ── Design tokens ─────────────────────────── */
:root {
  /* Palette: premium academic navy / teal / brass */
  --navy-900: #071521;
  --navy-800: #0b1f33;
  --navy-700: #12314a;
  --navy-600: #1a4763;
  --navy-500: #255d7c;
  --slate-700: #344054;
  --slate-600: #475467;
  --slate-500: #667085;
  --slate-400: #98a2b3;
  --slate-300: #d0d5dd;
  --slate-200: #e4e7ec;
  --slate-100: #eef2f6;
  --slate-50:  #f6f8fb;
  --white:     #ffffff;
  --accent:    #0e7c86;
  --accent-hover: #0b6871;
  --accent-light: #e7f4f5;
  --success:   #16794f;
  --warning:   #a56a18;
  --danger:    #c2413b;

  /* Semantic */
  --text-primary:   #101828;
  --text-secondary: var(--slate-700);
  --text-muted:     var(--slate-500);
  --text-caption:   var(--slate-400);
  --bg-body:        #f4f7fb;
  --bg-section:     #edf3f8;
  --bg-card:        var(--white);
  --bg-hero:        #edf4f8;
  --bg-metrics:     var(--accent);
  --bg-sidebar:     #071825;
  --bg-footer:      #08131d;
  --border:         #d7e0ea;
  --border-light:   var(--slate-100);
  --divider:        #dbe5ee;

  /* Typography */
  --font-serif:  'Source Serif 4', 'Iowan Old Style', 'Georgia', 'Times New Roman', serif;
  --font-sans:   'Manrope', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;
  --font-mono:   'IBM Plex Mono', 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', monospace;
  --text-xs:   0.72rem;
  --text-sm:   0.82rem;
  --text-base: 0.92rem;
  --text-md:   0.98rem;
  --text-lg:   1.05rem;
  --text-xl:   1.2rem;
  --text-2xl:  1.5rem;
  --text-3xl:  1.95rem;
  --text-4xl:  2.8rem;
  --leading-tight:  1.25;
  --leading-normal: 1.6;
  --leading-relaxed: 1.75;

  /* Spacing (4px base) */
  --sp-1: 0.25rem; --sp-2: 0.5rem; --sp-3: 0.75rem; --sp-4: 1rem;
  --sp-5: 1.25rem; --sp-6: 1.5rem; --sp-8: 2rem; --sp-10: 2.5rem;
  --sp-12: 3rem; --sp-16: 4rem; --sp-20: 5rem; --sp-24: 6rem;

  /* Layout */
  --container-max:    1280px;
  --container-narrow: 840px;
  --container-content: 860px;
  --container-wide:   1440px;

  /* Surfaces */
  --radius-sm: 10px;
  --radius-md: 16px;
  --radius-lg: 24px;
  --studio-radius: 28px;
  --studio-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(7, 21, 33, 0.12);
  --studio-gradient: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(14, 124, 134, 0.12), rgba(197, 155, 95, 0.09) 48%, rgba(11, 31, 51, 0.04) 100%);
  --shadow-xs:   0 8px 18px rgba(7, 21, 33, 0.04);
  --shadow-sm:   0 14px 30px rgba(7, 21, 33, 0.06);
  --shadow-md:   0 20px 40px rgba(7, 21, 33, 0.08);
  --shadow-lg:   0 28px 70px rgba(7, 21, 33, 0.12);
  --shadow-card: 0 16px 36px rgba(7, 21, 33, 0.07);

  /* Motion */
  --ease-out: cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
  --duration-fast: 120ms;
  --duration-base: 200ms;
  --duration-slow: 350ms;
}

/* ── Dark Mode ──────────────────────────────── */
[data-theme="dark"] {
  --navy-900: #0a0f1e;
  --navy-800: #e6edf3;
  --navy-700: #d6deea;
  --navy-600: #c3cedd;
  --slate-700: #d6deea;
  --slate-600: #c3cedd;
  --slate-500: #b2bfd1;
  --slate-400: #95a6bd;
  --slate-300: #30363d;
  --slate-200: #21262d;
  --slate-100: #161b22;
  --slate-50:  #161b22;
  --white:     #161b22;
  --accent:    #58a6ff;
  --accent-hover: #79c0ff;
  --accent-light: #0d2240;
  --success:   #3fb950;
  --warning:   #d29922;
  --danger:    #f85149;
  --text-primary:   #e6edf3;
  --text-secondary: #c6d1e0;
  --text-muted:     #aebcd0;
  --text-caption:   #94a5bc;
  --bg-body:        #0d1117;
  --bg-section:     #161b22;
  --bg-card:        #161b22;
  --bg-hero:        #0d1117;
  --bg-metrics:     #1a2d5a;
  --bg-sidebar:     #010409;
  --bg-footer:      #010409;
  --border:         #30363d;
  --border-light:   #21262d;
  --divider:        #30363d;
  --studio-shadow: 0 16px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.36);
  --studio-gradient: linear-gradient(130deg, rgba(88, 166, 255, 0.12), rgba(63, 185, 80, 0.08) 56%, rgba(88, 166, 255, 0.03) 100%);
  --shadow-xs:   0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
  --shadow-sm:   0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
  --shadow-md:   0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
  --shadow-lg:   0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
  --shadow-card: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
}
[data-theme="dark"] img:not(.logo__icon-img) {
  filter: brightness(0.88);
}
/* Dark mode: ensure light text on dark surfaces */
[data-theme="dark"] .section--dark,
[data-theme="dark"] .metrics-strip,
[data-theme="dark"] .metrics-strip__link,
[data-theme="dark"] .metrics-strip__link:hover {
  color: #e6edf3;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .btn--primary,
[data-theme="dark"] .btn--primary:hover,
[data-theme="dark"] .btn--accent,
[data-theme="dark"] .btn--accent:hover,
[data-theme="dark"] .btn--outline-accent:hover,
[data-theme="dark"] .nav__submit,
[data-theme="dark"] .nav__submit:hover {
  color: #fff !important;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .btn--dark {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-hover));
  border-color: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .btn--dark:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-hover), #1240a0);
  color: #fff;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .top-bar__links a:hover,
[data-theme="dark"] .lang-switcher button:hover {
  color: #e6edf3;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .top-bar__issn,
[data-theme="dark"] .top-bar__links,
[data-theme="dark"] .logo__subtitle,
[data-theme="dark"] .page-header .breadcrumb,
[data-theme="dark"] .article-card__authors,
[data-theme="dark"] .article-card__meta,
[data-theme="dark"] .footer__bottom,
[data-theme="dark"] .footer__license {
  color: var(--text-muted);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .prose,
[data-theme="dark"] .prose p,
[data-theme="dark"] .prose li {
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .prose strong,
[data-theme="dark"] .prose h3,
[data-theme="dark"] .prose h4 {
  color: var(--text-primary);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .table th {
  color: var(--text-muted);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .table td {
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .step__number {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-hover));
  color: #fff;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .pricing-callout {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .pricing-callout .pricing-callout__price,
[data-theme="dark"] .pricing-callout .pricing-callout__note {
  color: #fff;
}
/* Dark mode: badge */
[data-theme="dark"] .badge--success { background: rgba(63, 185, 80, 0.15); color: var(--success); }
[data-theme="dark"] .badge--accent { background: var(--accent-light); }
[data-theme="dark"] .badge { background: var(--bg-card); }

/* Dark mode: pricing table */
[data-theme="dark"] .pricing-table { background: var(--bg-card); border-color: var(--border); }
[data-theme="dark"] .pricing-table__header { background: var(--bg-section); }
[data-theme="dark"] .pricing-row__value { color: var(--text-primary); }

/* Dark mode: feature boxes */
[data-theme="dark"] .feature-box:hover { background: var(--bg-card); border-color: var(--border); }
[data-theme="dark"] .feature-box__icon { background: var(--accent-light); }

/* Dark mode: facts strip */
[data-theme="dark"] .facts-strip { background: var(--bg-section); border-color: var(--border); }
[data-theme="dark"] .fact-item__value { color: var(--text-primary); }

/* Dark mode: announcement date */
[data-theme="dark"] .announcement-item { border-color: var(--border); }
[data-theme="dark"] .announcement-item__date { background: var(--bg-section); }
[data-theme="dark"] .announcement-item__date .day { color: var(--text-primary); }
[data-theme="dark"] .announcement-item__content h5 { color: var(--text-primary); }

/* Dark mode: discipline & indexing items */
[data-theme="dark"] .discipline-item { background: var(--bg-card); border-color: var(--border); }
[data-theme="dark"] .discipline-item:hover { border-color: var(--accent); }
[data-theme="dark"] .indexing-item { background: var(--bg-card); border-color: var(--border); }

/* Dark mode: board cards */
[data-theme="dark"] .board-card { background: var(--bg-card); border-color: var(--border); }
[data-theme="dark"] .editorial-board-shell {
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0, rgba(88, 166, 255, 0.16), transparent 46%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 0 100%, rgba(63, 185, 80, 0.12), transparent 44%),
    var(--bg-card);
  border-color: var(--border);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .editorial-board-intro p { color: var(--text-secondary); }
[data-theme="dark"] .editorial-board-stat {
  background: rgba(13, 17, 23, 0.72);
  border-color: var(--border-light);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .editorial-board-stat strong { color: #f0f6fc; }
[data-theme="dark"] .editorial-board-stat span { color: var(--text-muted); }
[data-theme="dark"] .editorial-lead,
[data-theme="dark"] .editorial-member {
  background: rgba(13, 17, 23, 0.56);
  border-color: var(--border);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .editorial-member__index {
  background: var(--accent-light);
  color: #d4e7ff;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .editorial-lead__degree,
[data-theme="dark"] .editorial-member__content p { color: var(--text-secondary); }
[data-theme="dark"] .editorial-lead__affiliation,
[data-theme="dark"] .editorial-member__content span { color: var(--text-muted); }

/* Dark mode: journey step counter */
[data-theme="dark"] .journey-step::before { background: var(--accent); }
[data-theme="dark"] .journey-step h5 { color: var(--text-primary); }

/* Dark mode: policy links */
[data-theme="dark"] .policy-link { border-color: var(--border); color: var(--text-primary); }
[data-theme="dark"] .policy-link:hover { background: var(--accent-light); border-color: var(--accent); }

/* Dark mode: researchbib badge */
[data-theme="dark"] .researchbib-badge { background: var(--bg-card); border-color: var(--border); color: var(--text-primary); }

/* ── Reset ──────────────────────────────────── */
*, *::before, *::after { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }
html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  font-size: 16px;
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
  text-size-adjust: 100%;
  scroll-padding-top: 7rem;
}
body {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--text-base);
  color: var(--text-primary);
  background: var(--bg-body);
  line-height: var(--leading-normal);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}
a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; transition: color var(--duration-fast) var(--ease-out); }
a:hover { color: var(--accent-hover); text-decoration: underline; }
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
ul, ol { list-style: none; }
button, input, select, textarea { font: inherit; min-width: 0; }
button { font-family: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; }
input, select, textarea { max-width: 100%; }
main, section, article, aside, nav, header, footer, div, p, li, a, button, input, select, textarea, label {
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}

/* ── Typography ─────────────────────────────── */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  color: var(--navy-800);
  line-height: var(--leading-tight);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
h1 { font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, var(--text-4xl)); }
h2 { font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 3vw, var(--text-3xl)); }
h3 { font-size: clamp(1.22rem, 2.2vw, var(--text-2xl)); }
h4 { font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.8vw, var(--text-xl)); }
h5 { font-size: var(--text-lg); font-weight: 600; }
h6 { font-size: var(--text-md); font-weight: 600; }
p  { margin-bottom: var(--sp-4); }
p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

.label {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
}
.prose { line-height: var(--leading-relaxed); color: var(--text-secondary); }
.prose p { margin-bottom: var(--sp-6); }
.prose h3, .prose h4 { color: var(--navy-800); margin-bottom: var(--sp-3); margin-top: var(--sp-8); }
.prose ul, .prose ol { padding-left: var(--sp-6); margin-bottom: var(--sp-6); }
.prose ul { list-style: disc; }
.prose ol { list-style: decimal; }
.prose li { margin-bottom: var(--sp-2); }
.prose a { text-decoration: underline; }
.text-center { text-align: center; }
.text-sm { font-size: var(--text-sm); }
.text-xs { font-size: var(--text-xs); }
.text-muted { color: var(--text-muted); }
.text-secondary { color: var(--text-secondary); }

/* ── Layout ─────────────────────────────────── */
.container { width: 100%; max-width: var(--container-max); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 var(--sp-6); }
.container--narrow { max-width: var(--container-narrow); }
.container--wide { max-width: var(--container-wide); }
.section { padding: var(--sp-20) 0; }
.section--sm { padding: var(--sp-12) 0; }
.section--alt { background: var(--bg-section); }
.section--dark { background: var(--navy-900); color: var(--white); }
.grid { display: grid; gap: var(--sp-8); }
.grid--2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
.grid--3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
.grid--4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); }
.flex { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.flex--between { justify-content: space-between; }
.gap-2 { gap: var(--sp-2); }
.gap-4 { gap: var(--sp-4); }
.gap-6 { gap: var(--sp-6); }
.gap-8 { gap: var(--sp-8); }
.mt-2 { margin-top: var(--sp-2); }
.mt-4 { margin-top: var(--sp-4); }
.mt-6 { margin-top: var(--sp-6); }
.mt-8 { margin-top: var(--sp-8); }
.mb-2 { margin-bottom: var(--sp-2); }
.mb-4 { margin-bottom: var(--sp-4); }
.mb-6 { margin-bottom: var(--sp-6); }
.mb-8 { margin-bottom: var(--sp-8); }

/* ── Skip link (a11y) ───────────────────────── */
.skip-link {
  position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: auto;
  width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--accent); color: var(--white);
  padding: var(--sp-3) var(--sp-6); font-weight: 600;
  z-index: 9999; border-radius: 0 0 var(--radius-md) var(--radius-md);
}
.skip-link:focus {
  position: fixed; left: var(--sp-4); top: 0;
  width: auto; height: auto; overflow: visible;
}

/* ── Top Bar ────────────────────────────────── */
.top-bar {
  background: var(--navy-900);
  color: var(--slate-400);
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  padding: var(--sp-2) 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
}
.top-bar .container { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
.top-bar__links { display: flex; gap: var(--sp-6); align-items: center; }
.top-bar__links a {
  color: var(--slate-400); font-weight: 500; text-decoration: none;
  transition: color var(--duration-fast);
}
.top-bar__links a:hover { color: var(--white); text-decoration: none; }
.lang-switcher { display: flex; gap: 1px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.06); border-radius: var(--radius-sm); padding: 2px; }
.lang-switcher button {
  background: transparent; border: none; color: var(--slate-500);
  font-size: var(--text-xs); font-weight: 600; padding: 3px 10px;
  border-radius: 2px; cursor: pointer; transition: all var(--duration-fast);
  font-family: var(--font-sans); letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}
.lang-switcher button:hover { color: var(--white); }
.lang-switcher button.active { background: var(--accent); color: var(--white); }
.lang-switcher button:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 1px; }

/* ── Header ─────────────────────────────────── */
.header {
  background: var(--white);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 1000;
  transition: box-shadow var(--duration-base);
}
.header.scrolled { box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }
.header .container {
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
  padding-top: var(--sp-3); padding-bottom: var(--sp-3);
}
.logo { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: var(--sp-3); text-decoration: none !important; }
.logo__icon-img { width: 40px; height: 40px; flex-shrink: 0; }
.logo__text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.logo__title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: var(--text-md);
  font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy-800); line-height: 1.15;
}
.logo__subtitle {
  font-size: 0.625rem; color: var(--text-muted);
  text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.12em; font-weight: 500;
}
.nav { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0; }
.nav > a, .nav__dropdown-trigger {
  color: var(--text-secondary); font-weight: 500; font-size: var(--text-sm);
  padding: var(--sp-2) var(--sp-3); border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  transition: color var(--duration-fast), background var(--duration-fast);
  text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;
}
.nav > a:hover, .nav > a.active,
.nav__dropdown:hover .nav__dropdown-trigger {
  color: var(--navy-800); background: var(--slate-50);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.nav__dropdown { position: relative; }
.nav__dropdown-trigger { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px; cursor: default; }
.nav__dropdown-trigger::after {
  content: ''; width: 0; height: 0;
  border-left: 3.5px solid transparent; border-right: 3.5px solid transparent;
  border-top: 3.5px solid currentColor; transition: transform var(--duration-fast);
}
.nav__dropdown:hover .nav__dropdown-trigger::after { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.nav__dropdown-menu {
  position: absolute; top: calc(100% + 4px); left: 0;
  background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg); box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  min-width: 220px; padding: var(--sp-2);
  opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; transform: translateY(6px);
  transition: all var(--duration-base) var(--ease-out); z-index: 100;
}
.nav__dropdown:hover .nav__dropdown-menu {
  opacity: 1; visibility: visible; transform: translateY(0);
}
.nav__dropdown-menu a {
  display: block; padding: var(--sp-2) var(--sp-3); border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  font-size: var(--text-sm); color: var(--text-secondary); text-decoration: none;
}
.nav__dropdown-menu a:hover { background: var(--slate-50); color: var(--navy-800); text-decoration: none; }
.nav__submit {
  margin-left: var(--sp-3);
  padding: var(--sp-2) var(--sp-5) !important;
  background: var(--accent) !important;
  color: var(--white) !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  font-size: var(--text-sm) !important;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm) !important;
  transition: all var(--duration-fast) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(26,86,219,0.2) !important;
}
.nav__submit:hover { background: var(--accent-hover) !important; text-decoration: none !important; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(26,86,219,0.3) !important; }

.menu-toggle {
  display: none; flex-direction: column; gap: 5px;
  background: none; border: none; cursor: pointer; padding: 8px;
}
.menu-toggle span {
  width: 22px; height: 1.5px; background: var(--navy-800);
  border-radius: 2px; transition: all var(--duration-base);
}

/* ── Hero (clean, light, SPJ-inspired) ──────── */
.hero {
  background: var(--bg-hero);
  color: var(--text-primary);
  padding: var(--sp-20) 0 var(--sp-16);
  text-align: center;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.hero .container { max-width: var(--container-content); }
.hero__inner { max-width: 640px; margin: 0 auto; }
.hero__issn {
  display: inline-block; font-size: var(--text-xs); font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-muted); letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
}
.hero h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 2.75rem); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.15;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4); color: var(--navy-800);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
.hero__scope {
  font-size: var(--text-lg); line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
  color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: var(--sp-8);
  max-width: 600px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;
}
.hero__actions { display: flex; gap: var(--sp-4); flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; }

/* ── Metrics Strip (SPJ-style colored band) ─── */
.metrics-strip {
  background: var(--bg-metrics); color: var(--white);
  padding: var(--sp-5) 0;
}
.metrics-strip__inner {
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap; gap: var(--sp-8);
}
.metrics-strip__item {
  text-align: center; position: relative;
  padding: 0 var(--sp-4);
}
.metrics-strip__item::after {
  content: ''; position: absolute; right: calc(var(--sp-4) * -1);
  top: 50%; transform: translateY(-50%);
  width: 1px; height: 28px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.25);
}
.metrics-strip__item:last-child::after { display: none; }
.metrics-strip__value {
  font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: var(--text-lg);
  font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.2;
}
.metrics-strip__label {
  font-size: var(--text-xs); opacity: 0.85;
  text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.05em; font-weight: 500;
}
.metrics-strip__link {
  color: var(--white); text-decoration: none;
  font-size: var(--text-xs); font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  padding: var(--sp-2) var(--sp-4);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3); border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  transition: background var(--duration-fast), border-color var(--duration-fast);
}
.metrics-strip__link:hover {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.15); border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
  text-decoration: none; color: var(--white);
}

/* ── Buttons ────────────────────────────────── */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: var(--sp-2);
  font-family: var(--font-sans); font-weight: 600; font-size: var(--text-sm);
  padding: var(--sp-3) var(--sp-6); border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  border: 1px solid transparent; cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--duration-fast) var(--ease-out);
  text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.4;
}
.btn:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.btn:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 2px; }
.btn--primary {
  background: var(--accent); color: var(--white); border-color: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(26,86,219,0.2);
}
.btn--primary:hover { background: var(--accent-hover); color: var(--white); border-color: var(--accent-hover); box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(26,86,219,0.3); }
.btn--secondary {
  background: transparent; color: var(--text-secondary);
  border-color: var(--border);
}
.btn--secondary:hover { background: var(--slate-50); color: var(--text-primary); border-color: var(--slate-300); }
.btn--accent {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-hover)); color: var(--white); border-color: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(26,86,219,0.2);
}
.btn--accent:hover { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-hover), #1240a0); border-color: var(--accent-hover); box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(26,86,219,0.3); }
.btn--outline {
  background: transparent; color: var(--accent); border-color: var(--border);
}
.btn--outline:hover { background: var(--accent-light); border-color: var(--accent); }
.btn--dark {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--navy-800), var(--navy-700)); color: var(--white); border-color: var(--navy-800);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(12,20,37,0.15);
}
.btn--dark:hover { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--navy-700), var(--navy-600)); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(12,20,37,0.25); }
.btn--sm { padding: var(--sp-2) var(--sp-4); font-size: var(--text-xs); }
.btn--lg { padding: var(--sp-4) var(--sp-8); font-size: var(--text-base); }

/* ── Section Headers ────────────────────────── */
.section-header { margin-bottom: var(--sp-10); }
.section-header .label { margin-bottom: var(--sp-3); display: block; }
.section-header h2 { margin-bottom: var(--sp-3); position: relative; display: inline-block; }
.section-header p { color: var(--text-secondary); max-width: 560px; font-size: var(--text-base); }
.section-header--center { text-align: center; }
.section-header--center p { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
.section-header--center h2::after {
  content: '';
  display: block;
  width: 48px; height: 3px;
  background: var(--accent);
  border-radius: 2px;
  margin: var(--sp-3) auto 0;
}

/* ── Cards ──────────────────────────────────── */
.card {
  background: var(--bg-card); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg); padding: var(--sp-6);
  transition: box-shadow var(--duration-base);
}
.card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }

/* ── Article Cards (SPJ Research style — horizontal) ── */
.article-card {
  padding: var(--sp-6) 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  transition: background var(--duration-base);
}
.article-card:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.article-card:hover {
  background: var(--bg-section);
}
.article-card--horizontal {
  display: block;
}
.article-card__body {
  min-width: 0;
}
.article-card__topline {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.article-card__badge {
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  padding: 3px 8px 2px;
  border-radius: 2px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.article-card__date {
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.article-card__type {
  font-size: var(--text-xs); font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em; color: var(--accent); margin-bottom: var(--sp-2);
}
.article-card__title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 1.02rem; font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--navy-800); line-height: 1.28; margin-bottom: 8px;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  max-width: 54ch;
}
.article-card__title a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
.article-card__title a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; }
.article-card__authors {
  font-size: 10px; color: var(--text-muted); margin-bottom: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em; font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.article-card__meta {
  font-size: var(--text-xs); color: var(--text-muted);
  display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: var(--sp-2); align-items: center;
  padding-top: var(--sp-3); margin-top: var(--sp-3);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}
.article-card__meta span { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: var(--sp-1); }
.article-card__abstract {
  font-size: 13px; color: var(--text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 10px;
  display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden;
}
.article-card__actions { display: flex; gap: var(--sp-2); margin-top: 8px; }

/* ── Journal Facts Strip ────────────────────── */
.facts-strip {
  background: var(--white); border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); padding: var(--sp-10) 0;
  position: relative;
}
.facts-grid {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(140px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--sp-6); text-align: center;
}
.fact-item {
  padding: var(--sp-3);
  position: relative;
}
.fact-item::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute; right: 0; top: 50%; transform: translateY(-50%);
  width: 1px; height: 40px;
  background: var(--border);
}
.fact-item:last-child::after { display: none; }
.fact-item__value {
  font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: var(--text-xl);
  font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy-800); margin-bottom: var(--sp-1);
}
.fact-item__label {
  font-size: var(--text-xs); color: var(--text-muted);
  text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em; font-weight: 500;
}

/* ── Discipline Grid ────────────────────────── */
.discipline-grid {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--sp-4);
}
.discipline-item {
  display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: var(--sp-3);
  padding: var(--sp-4); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md); background: var(--white);
  transition: border-color var(--duration-fast), box-shadow var(--duration-fast), transform var(--duration-fast);
}
.discipline-item:hover {
  border-color: var(--slate-300);
  box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.discipline-item__icon {
  width: 32px; height: 32px; flex-shrink: 0;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  font-size: var(--text-md); background: var(--accent-light);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm); color: var(--accent);
}
.discipline-item__text h5 {
  font-family: var(--font-sans); font-size: var(--text-sm);
  font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: var(--sp-1); color: var(--navy-800);
}
.discipline-item__text p {
  font-size: var(--text-xs); color: var(--text-muted); margin: 0;
}

/* ── Feature Boxes ──────────────────────────── */
.feature-box {
  padding: var(--sp-6); text-align: left;
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg); border: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: border-color var(--duration-base), background var(--duration-base), box-shadow var(--duration-base);
}
.feature-box:hover {
  border-color: var(--border);
  background: var(--white);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
}
.feature-box__icon {
  width: 44px; height: 44px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-light), #dbe6fc); border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  color: var(--accent); font-size: var(--text-md); margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
  transition: transform var(--duration-base);
}
.feature-box:hover .feature-box__icon {
  transform: scale(1.08);
}
.feature-box h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-sans); font-size: var(--text-base);
  font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: var(--sp-2); color: var(--navy-800);
}
.feature-box p {
  font-size: var(--text-sm); color: var(--text-secondary); margin: 0;
  line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
}

/* ── Editorial Board Cards ──────────────────── */
.board-card {
  display: flex; gap: var(--sp-4); padding: var(--sp-5);
  border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background: var(--white); align-items: flex-start;
  transition: border-color var(--duration-base), box-shadow var(--duration-base);
}
.board-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--slate-300);
  box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
}
.board-card__avatar,
.board-card__initials {
  width: 48px; height: 48px; flex-shrink: 0;
  border-radius: 50%; background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--navy-800), var(--navy-600)); color: var(--white);
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: var(--text-sm); font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}
.board-card__info {
  flex: 1; min-width: 0;
}
.board-card__info h4,
.board-card__info h5 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: var(--text-base);
  font-weight: 600; margin: 0 0 var(--sp-1); color: var(--navy-800);
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.board-card__role {
  font-size: var(--text-xs); font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em; color: var(--accent); margin-bottom: var(--sp-1);
}
.board-card__affiliation {
  font-size: var(--text-sm); color: var(--text-secondary); line-height: 1.4;
}
.board-card__country {
  font-size: var(--text-xs); color: var(--text-muted); margin-top: var(--sp-1);
}
/* Chief editor cards - centered layout */
.board-card--chief {
  flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center;
  padding: var(--sp-6);
}
.board-card--chief .board-card__initials {
  width: 64px; height: 64px; font-size: var(--text-base); margin-bottom: var(--sp-2);
}
.board-card--chief .board-card__info {
  display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center;
}
.board-card--chief .board-card__info h4 {
  font-size: var(--text-lg);
}

/* ── Editorial Board: Structured Layout ─────────────── */
.editorial-board-shell {
  position: relative;
  padding: var(--sp-10);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 24px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0, rgba(26, 86, 219, 0.11), transparent 46%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 0 100%, rgba(13, 124, 95, 0.09), transparent 44%),
    var(--bg-card);
  box-shadow: var(--studio-shadow);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.editorial-board-shell::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15), transparent 24%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.editorial-board-intro,
.editorial-lead-grid,
.editorial-members-block {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}
.editorial-board-intro {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-8);
}
.editorial-board-eyebrow {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-3);
}
.editorial-board-intro h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2vw, 2rem);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-3);
}
.editorial-board-intro p {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 760px;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}
.editorial-board-stats {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  margin-top: var(--sp-5);
}
.editorial-board-stat {
  min-width: 140px;
  padding: var(--sp-3) var(--sp-4);
  border-radius: 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.74);
}
.editorial-board-stat strong {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: var(--text-xl);
  color: var(--navy-800);
  line-height: 1.1;
}
.editorial-board-stat span {
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.editorial-lead-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: var(--sp-4);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-8);
}
.editorial-lead {
  padding: var(--sp-6);
  border-radius: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-left: 5px solid var(--accent);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.editorial-lead__role {
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.09em;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-2);
}
.editorial-lead h3 {
  font-size: var(--text-xl);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-2);
}
.editorial-lead__degree {
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-2);
}
.editorial-lead__affiliation {
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.editorial-members-title {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
  font-size: var(--text-xl);
}
.editorial-members-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: var(--sp-3);
}
.editorial-member {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
  align-items: start;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
  padding: var(--sp-4);
  border-radius: 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
  transition: border-color var(--duration-fast), transform var(--duration-fast);
}
.editorial-member:hover {
  border-color: var(--slate-300);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.editorial-member__index {
  width: 34px;
  height: 34px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent-light);
}
.editorial-member__content h4 {
  margin: 0 0 var(--sp-1);
  font-size: var(--text-base);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
}
.editorial-member__content p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.45;
}
.editorial-member__content span {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: var(--sp-1);
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .editorial-lead-grid,
  .editorial-members-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .editorial-board-shell {
    padding: var(--sp-6);
    border-radius: 18px;
  }
  .editorial-board-stat {
    min-width: 120px;
  }
  .editorial-lead {
    padding: var(--sp-5);
  }
}

/* ── ResearchBIB Badge ──────────────────────── */
.researchbib-badge {
  position: fixed; right: 16px; bottom: 80px; z-index: 100;
  display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center;
  gap: 6px; padding: 12px 14px;
  background: var(--white); border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  text-decoration: none; color: var(--navy-800);
  transition: transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
}
.researchbib-badge:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,0.16);
}
.researchbib-badge__icon {
  width: 40px; height: 40px;
}
.researchbib-badge__label {
  font-size: 9px; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em; color: var(--accent); text-align: center;
  line-height: 1.2;
}
.researchbib-badge__status {
  font-size: 8px; color: var(--text-secondary); text-align: center;
  line-height: 1.2;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .researchbib-badge {
    right: 8px; bottom: 70px; padding: 8px 10px;
  }
  .researchbib-badge__icon { width: 32px; height: 32px; }
}

/* ── Author Journey / Steps ─────────────────── */
.journey-steps {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(160px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--sp-6); counter-reset: step;
}
.journey-step {
  text-align: center; position: relative;
  counter-increment: step;
}
.journey-step::before {
  content: counter(step);
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  width: 36px; height: 36px; margin: 0 auto var(--sp-3);
  background: var(--navy-800); color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 50%; font-size: var(--text-sm); font-weight: 700;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
}
.journey-step h5 {
  font-family: var(--font-sans); font-size: var(--text-sm);
  font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: var(--sp-1); color: var(--navy-800);
}
.journey-step p {
  font-size: var(--text-xs); color: var(--text-muted); margin: 0;
}

/* ── Policy Grid ────────────────────────────── */
.policy-grid {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--sp-4);
}
.policy-link {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: var(--sp-3);
  padding: var(--sp-4); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md); color: var(--text-primary);
  text-decoration: none; font-size: var(--text-sm); font-weight: 500;
  transition: border-color var(--duration-fast), background var(--duration-fast), transform var(--duration-fast), box-shadow var(--duration-fast);
}
.policy-link:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-light);
  color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(26,86,219,0.08);
}
.policy-link__icon { font-size: var(--text-md); flex-shrink: 0; width: 24px; text-align: center; }

/* ── Indexing Section ───────────────────────── */
.indexing-list { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: var(--sp-6); align-items: center; }
.indexing-item {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: var(--sp-3);
  padding: var(--sp-4) var(--sp-6); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md); background: var(--white);
  transition: border-color var(--duration-fast), box-shadow var(--duration-fast);
}
.indexing-item:hover {
  border-color: var(--slate-300);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
}
.indexing-item img { height: 28px; width: auto; }
.indexing-item__name {
  font-size: var(--text-sm); font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy-800);
}
.indexing-item__status {
  font-size: var(--text-xs); color: var(--success); font-weight: 500;
}

/* ── Pricing (scholarly, subdued) ───────────── */
.pricing-table {
  border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  overflow: hidden; background: var(--white);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
}
.pricing-table__header {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--slate-50), #eef2f8); padding: var(--sp-4) var(--sp-6);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.pricing-table__header h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-sans); font-size: var(--text-base); margin: 0;
}
.pricing-table__body { padding: var(--sp-6); }
.pricing-row {
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
  padding: var(--sp-3) 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}
.pricing-row:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.pricing-row__label { font-size: var(--text-sm); color: var(--text-secondary); }
.pricing-row__value { font-size: var(--text-sm); font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy-800); }
.pricing-note {
  font-size: var(--text-xs); color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-top: var(--sp-4); padding-top: var(--sp-4);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
}

/* ── Announcements ──────────────────────────── */
.announcement-item {
  display: flex; gap: var(--sp-4); padding: var(--sp-5);
  border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  transition: border-color var(--duration-base), box-shadow var(--duration-base);
}
.announcement-item:hover {
  border-color: var(--slate-300);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
}
.announcement-item__date {
  flex-shrink: 0; text-align: center; min-width: 52px;
  padding: var(--sp-2) var(--sp-3);
  background: var(--slate-50); border-radius: var(--radius-md);
}
.announcement-item__date .day {
  font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: var(--text-xl);
  font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy-800); line-height: 1;
}
.announcement-item__date .month {
  font-size: var(--text-xs); color: var(--text-muted);
  text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em; font-weight: 600;
}
.announcement-item__content h5 {
  font-family: var(--font-sans); font-size: var(--text-base);
  font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: var(--sp-1); color: var(--navy-800);
}
.announcement-item__content p {
  font-size: var(--text-sm); color: var(--text-secondary); margin: 0;
}

/* ── CTA ────────────────────────────────────── */
.cta {
  background: var(--slate-50);
  color: var(--text-primary);
  padding: var(--sp-20) 0; text-align: center;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.cta .container { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.cta h2 { color: var(--navy-800); margin-bottom: var(--sp-3); }
.cta p { color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: var(--sp-8); max-width: 480px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: var(--text-lg); }

/* ── Footer (SPJ-style light minimal) ───────── */
.footer {
  background: var(--bg-footer); color: var(--text-secondary);
  padding: var(--sp-8) 0;
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.footer__top {
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
  padding-bottom: var(--sp-6); margin-bottom: var(--sp-6);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.footer__social {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: var(--sp-3);
  color: var(--text-muted); font-size: var(--text-sm); font-weight: 500;
}
.footer__social a {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  width: 32px; height: 32px; border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  transition: color var(--duration-fast), background var(--duration-fast);
}
.footer__social a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; }
.footer__links {
  display: flex; gap: var(--sp-6);
}
.footer__links a {
  color: var(--text-secondary); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 500;
}
.footer__links a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; }
.footer__bottom {
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
  font-size: var(--text-xs); color: var(--text-muted);
}
.footer__bottom a { color: var(--text-muted); }
.footer__bottom a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.footer__license { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: var(--sp-3); }

/* ── Page Header (inner pages) ──────────────── */
.page-header {
  background: var(--white); color: var(--text-primary);
  padding: var(--sp-12) 0 var(--sp-10);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.page-header .breadcrumb {
  font-size: var(--text-xs); color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4); display: flex; gap: var(--sp-2); align-items: center;
}
.page-header .breadcrumb a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; }
.page-header .breadcrumb a:hover { color: var(--accent-hover); }
.page-header .breadcrumb .sep { color: var(--slate-400); }
.page-header h1 { color: var(--navy-800); font-size: var(--text-3xl); margin-bottom: var(--sp-3); }
.page-header p { color: var(--text-secondary); max-width: 560px; }
.page-header--compact {
  padding: var(--sp-8) 0 var(--sp-6);
}
.visually-hidden {
  position: absolute !important;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

/* ── Unified Studio Surface (inner pages) ───── */
.page-header + .section:not(.search-section) > .container {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--studio-radius);
  background: var(--studio-gradient), var(--bg-card);
  box-shadow: var(--studio-shadow);
  padding: clamp(1.15rem, 2.6vw, 2rem);
}
.page-header + .section:not(.search-section) > .container::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: -36px;
  right: -34px;
  width: 190px;
  height: 190px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(26, 86, 219, 0.14) 0%, rgba(26, 86, 219, 0) 72%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .page-header + .section:not(.search-section) > .container::after {
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(88, 166, 255, 0.16) 0%, rgba(88, 166, 255, 0) 72%);
}
.page-header + .section:not(.search-section) > .container > * {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

/* ── Forms ──────────────────────────────────── */
.form-group { margin-bottom: var(--sp-5); }
.form-label {
  display: block; font-size: var(--text-sm); font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy-800); margin-bottom: var(--sp-2);
}
.form-input, .form-select, .form-textarea {
  width: 100%; padding: var(--sp-3) var(--sp-4);
  border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 12px;
  font-family: var(--font-sans); font-size: var(--text-sm);
  color: var(--text-primary); background: var(--white);
  transition: border-color var(--duration-fast), box-shadow var(--duration-fast), transform var(--duration-fast);
}
.form-input:focus, .form-select:focus, .form-textarea:focus {
  outline: none; border-color: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(26, 86, 219, 0.14);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.form-textarea { resize: vertical; min-height: 120px; }
.form-hint { font-size: var(--text-xs); color: var(--text-muted); margin-top: var(--sp-1); }

/* ── Tables ─────────────────────────────────── */
.table-wrap { overflow-x: auto; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius-lg); }
.table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: var(--text-sm); }
.table th {
  background: var(--slate-50); font-weight: 600; text-align: left;
  padding: var(--sp-3) var(--sp-4); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  font-size: var(--text-xs); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}
.table td {
  padding: var(--sp-3) var(--sp-4); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}
.table tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }

/* ── Divider ────────────────────────────────── */
.divider { border: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); margin: var(--sp-8) 0; }

/* ── Auth pages ─────────────────────────────── */
.auth-page {
  min-height: 100vh; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  padding: var(--sp-8); background: var(--bg-section);
}
.auth-card {
  background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--studio-radius); padding: var(--sp-10);
  width: 100%; max-width: 440px; box-shadow: var(--studio-shadow);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.auth-card::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: -36px;
  right: -34px;
  width: 160px;
  height: 160px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(26, 86, 219, 0.14) 0%, rgba(26, 86, 219, 0) 72%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.auth-card > * {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

/* Shared studio-like components for all pages */
.btn {
  border-radius: 12px;
}
.card,
.callout,
.table-wrap,
.issue-card,
.board-card,
.announcement-item,
.discipline-item,
.policy-link,
.indexing-item {
  border-radius: 16px;
}
.card,
.callout,
.issue-card,
.board-card,
.announcement-item,
.discipline-item,
.indexing-item,
.table-wrap {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.05);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .card,
[data-theme="dark"] .callout,
[data-theme="dark"] .issue-card,
[data-theme="dark"] .board-card,
[data-theme="dark"] .announcement-item,
[data-theme="dark"] .discipline-item,
[data-theme="dark"] .indexing-item,
[data-theme="dark"] .table-wrap {
  background: rgba(22, 27, 34, 0.88);
  backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
}

/* ── Article Detail ─────────────────────────── */
.article-header { margin-bottom: var(--sp-8); }
.article-header__type {
  font-size: var(--text-xs); font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em; color: var(--accent); margin-bottom: var(--sp-3);
}
.article-header__title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: var(--text-2xl);
  font-weight: 700; line-height: var(--leading-tight); color: var(--navy-800);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
}
.article-header__authors { margin-bottom: var(--sp-4); }
.article-header__authors .author-name {
  font-size: var(--text-base); font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy-800);
}
.article-header__authors .author-aff {
  font-size: var(--text-sm); color: var(--text-secondary);
}
.article-dates {
  display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: var(--sp-4);
  font-size: var(--text-xs); color: var(--text-muted);
  padding: var(--sp-3) 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}
.article-dates span strong { color: var(--text-secondary); font-weight: 600; }
.article-sidebar {
  position: sticky; top: calc(60px + var(--sp-6));
}
.article-sidebar__card {
  border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: var(--sp-6); background: var(--white);
}
.article-sidebar__row {
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between;
  padding: var(--sp-2) 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
}
.article-sidebar__row:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.article-sidebar__row dt { color: var(--text-muted); }
.article-sidebar__row dd { color: var(--navy-800); font-weight: 500; text-align: right; }

.article-overview,
.article-detail-card {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 24px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at top right, rgba(26, 86, 219, 0.12), transparent 38%),
    linear-gradient(140deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98), rgba(244, 248, 255, 0.92) 54%, rgba(239, 249, 245, 0.9) 100%);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 30px rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.06);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
}
.article-overview::after,
.article-detail-card::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22), transparent 28%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.article-overview > *,
.article-detail-card > * {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}
.article-overview {
  padding: clamp(1.2rem, 2.8vw, 1.85rem);
}
.article-overview--title {
  padding: clamp(1.35rem, 3vw, 2rem);
}
.article-detail-card {
  padding: clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 1.5rem);
}
.article-overview__eyebrow {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-self: flex-start;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.85rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(26, 86, 219, 0.1);
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
}
.article-overview__title {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--navy-800);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3.5vw, 2.3rem);
  line-height: 1.22;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  max-width: none;
  text-align: justify;
  text-align-last: left;
  text-justify: inter-word;
  hyphens: auto;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.article-detail-card__title {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4);
  color: var(--navy-800);
  font-size: var(--text-base);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.article-authors-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--sp-4);
}
.article-author-card {
  padding: var(--sp-4);
  border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.2);
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
  min-width: 0;
}
.article-author-card__head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
}
.article-author-card__identity {
  min-width: 0;
}
.article-author-card__name {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--navy-800);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: var(--text-lg);
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.article-author-card__affiliation {
  margin: var(--sp-2) 0 0;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.article-author-card__orcid {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(166, 206, 57, 0.12);
  border: 1px solid rgba(166, 206, 57, 0.36);
  color: #527312;
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.article-author-card__orcid:hover {
  color: #45610f;
  text-decoration: none;
  background: rgba(166, 206, 57, 0.18);
}
.article-author-card__orcid img {
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.article-abstract p,
.article-empty-copy {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}
.article-abstract p {
  text-align: justify;
  text-justify: inter-word;
}
.article-keywords {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
}
.article-keyword {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.9rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(26, 86, 219, 0.16);
  background: rgba(26, 86, 219, 0.08);
  color: var(--navy-800);
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.article-reference-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.55rem;
  list-style: decimal;
  list-style-position: outside;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
}
.article-reference-list li::marker {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 700;
}
.article-reference-list li {
  margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
  text-align: justify;
  text-justify: inter-word;
}
.article-reference-list li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.article-sidebar-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--sp-2);
}
.article-sidebar-actions .btn {
  width: 100%;
  justify-content: center;
}
.article-sidebar-doi-stack {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--sp-3);
}
.article-sidebar-doi,
.article-sidebar-meta-card {
  border-radius: 18px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(26, 86, 219, 0.14);
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96), rgba(248, 251, 255, 0.9)),
    radial-gradient(circle at top right, rgba(26, 86, 219, 0.08), transparent 55%);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
}
.article-sidebar-doi {
  padding: 0.95rem 1rem;
}
.article-sidebar-doi__line {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.5rem 0.7rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.article-sidebar-doi__label {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  margin-top: 0.12rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.article-sidebar-doi__link {
  flex: 1 1 180px;
  min-width: 0;
  display: block;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration: none;
  word-break: break-all;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-align: left;
}
.article-sidebar-doi__link:hover {
  color: var(--accent-hover);
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.article-sidebar-meta-card {
  padding: 0.35rem;
}
.article-sidebar-meta {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(74px, 1fr));
  gap: 0.2rem;
}
.article-sidebar-meta__item {
  padding: 0.55rem 0.4rem 0.5rem;
  text-align: center;
}
.article-sidebar-meta__item span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.18rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.article-sidebar-meta__item strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--navy-800);
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}
.article-issue-summary span {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-1);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: var(--text-xs);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.article-issue-summary strong {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-2);
  color: var(--navy-800);
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.article-issue-summary p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .article-overview,
[data-theme="dark"] .article-detail-card {
  border-color: var(--border);
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at top right, rgba(88, 166, 255, 0.16), transparent 40%),
    linear-gradient(140deg, rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.96), rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.94) 56%, rgba(11, 31, 24, 0.92) 100%);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .article-sidebar-doi,
[data-theme="dark"] .article-sidebar-meta-card,
[data-theme="dark"] .article-author-card {
  background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.7);
  border-color: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.18);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .article-detail-card__title,
[data-theme="dark"] .article-author-card__name,
[data-theme="dark"] .article-overview__title,
[data-theme="dark"] .article-issue-summary strong,
[data-theme="dark"] .article-keyword {
  color: #e5eefb;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .article-abstract p,
[data-theme="dark"] .article-empty-copy,
[data-theme="dark"] .article-author-card__affiliation,
[data-theme="dark"] .article-reference-list,
[data-theme="dark"] .article-issue-summary p {
  color: #b7c4d6;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .article-keyword {
  background: rgba(88, 166, 255, 0.14);
  border-color: rgba(88, 166, 255, 0.2);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .article-author-card__orcid {
  color: #ddef9d;
  background: rgba(166, 206, 57, 0.16);
  border-color: rgba(166, 206, 57, 0.32);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .article-sidebar-doi__link {
  color: #8cc6ff;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .article-sidebar-doi__link:hover {
  color: #b5dbff;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .article-sidebar-doi__label,
[data-theme="dark"] .article-sidebar-meta__item span {
  color: #8ea3bf;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .article-sidebar-meta__item strong {
  color: #e5eefb;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .article-author-card__head {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .article-authors-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .article-overview__title {
    max-width: none;
  }

  .article-sidebar-doi {
    padding: 0.9rem;
  }

  .article-sidebar-doi__link {
    flex-basis: 100%;
    font-size: 0.84rem;
  }
}

/* ── Issue/Archive ──────────────────────────── */
.issue-card {
  border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  padding: var(--sp-6); background: var(--white);
  transition: border-color var(--duration-fast);
}
.issue-card:hover { border-color: var(--slate-300); }
.issue-card__badge {
  display: inline-block; font-size: var(--text-xs); font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  padding: var(--sp-1) var(--sp-3); border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  background: var(--accent-light); color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-3);
}
.issue-card h4 { font-family: var(--font-sans); margin-bottom: var(--sp-2); }
.issue-card__meta {
  font-size: var(--text-xs); color: var(--text-muted);
  display: flex; gap: var(--sp-3);
}

/* ── Search ─────────────────────────────────── */
.search-box {
  display: flex; gap: var(--sp-3);
  padding: var(--sp-4); background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
}
.search-box input {
  flex: 1; border: none; font-size: var(--text-base);
  font-family: var(--font-sans); outline: none;
  color: var(--text-primary); background: transparent;
}

/* Template warnings (submit/guidelines) */
.template-note {
  color: #991b1b;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .template-note {
  color: #ffb4b4;
}

/* ── Badges ─────────────────────────────────── */
.badge {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: var(--sp-1);
  padding: var(--sp-1) var(--sp-3); border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  font-size: var(--text-xs); font-weight: 600;
}
.badge--accent { background: var(--accent-light); color: var(--accent); }
.badge--success { background: #ecfdf5; color: var(--success); }

/* ── Fade-in animation ──────────────────────── */
.fade-in { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(12px); transition: opacity 0.5s var(--ease-out), transform 0.5s var(--ease-out); }
.fade-in.visible { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }

/* ── Focus ──────────────────────────────────── */
:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 2px; }

/* ── Selection ──────────────────────────────── */
::selection { background: var(--accent); color: var(--white); }

/* ── Homepage 2-Column Layout (SPJ Research style) ── */
.homepage-layout {
  padding: var(--sp-10) 0 var(--sp-16);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.homepage-layout__grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 340px;
  gap: var(--sp-10);
  align-items: start;
}
.homepage-layout__main {
  min-width: 0;
}
.homepage-layout__sidebar {
  position: sticky;
  top: calc(60px + var(--sp-6));
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--sp-6);
}

/* Journal Intro (replaces hero) */
.journal-intro {
  padding: clamp(1.15rem, 2.6vw, 2rem);
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-8);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--studio-radius);
  background: var(--studio-gradient), var(--bg-card);
  box-shadow: var(--studio-shadow);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.journal-intro::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: -34px;
  right: -30px;
  width: 170px;
  height: 170px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(26, 86, 219, 0.14) 0%, rgba(26, 86, 219, 0) 72%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.journal-intro > * {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}
.journal-intro__issn {
  font-size: var(--text-xs); font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-muted); letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: var(--sp-3);
}
.journal-intro__title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4vw, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy-800); line-height: 1.2;
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-4); letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
.journal-intro__desc {
  font-size: var(--text-base); line-height: var(--leading-relaxed);
  color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: var(--sp-6);
  max-width: 560px;
}
.journal-intro__actions {
  display: flex; gap: var(--sp-3); flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* Latest Articles section (left column) */
.latest-articles__header {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-6);
}
.latest-articles__header .label {
  margin-bottom: var(--sp-2); display: block;
}
.latest-articles__header h2 {
  font-size: var(--text-2xl);
  position: relative; display: inline-block;
}
.latest-articles__header h2::after {
  content: ''; display: block;
  width: 40px; height: 3px;
  background: var(--accent); border-radius: 2px;
  margin-top: var(--sp-2);
}
.latest-articles__footer {
  margin-top: var(--sp-8);
  padding-top: var(--sp-6);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.latest-articles {
  padding: clamp(1.15rem, 2.4vw, 1.75rem);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--studio-radius);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 26px rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.06);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .latest-articles {
  background: rgba(22, 27, 34, 0.9);
}

/* ── Print ──────────────────────────────────── */
@media print {
  .top-bar, .header, .footer, .cta, .nav, .menu-toggle, .metrics-strip, .homepage-layout__sidebar { display: none !important; }
  .hero { background: white !important; color: black !important; padding: var(--sp-4) 0; }
  .section { padding: var(--sp-4) 0; }
  body { font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.6; }
}

/* ── Responsive ─────────────────────────────── */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  :root { --text-4xl: 2rem; --text-3xl: 1.75rem; }
  .grid--4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .nav > a, .nav__dropdown-trigger { font-size: var(--text-xs); padding: var(--sp-2); }
  .homepage-layout__grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .homepage-layout__sidebar {
    position: static;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
    gap: var(--sp-6);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  html { scroll-padding-top: 5.5rem; }
  .top-bar__links { display: none; }
  .menu-toggle { display: flex; }
  .container { padding: 0 var(--sp-4); }
  .form-input, .form-select, .form-textarea { font-size: 16px; }
  .nav {
    display: none; position: absolute; top: 100%; left: 0; right: 0;
    background: var(--white); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); flex-direction: column;
    padding: var(--sp-4); gap: 0;
  }
  .nav.open { display: flex; }
  .nav > a, .nav__dropdown-trigger { width: 100%; padding: var(--sp-3) var(--sp-4); font-size: var(--text-sm); }
  .nav__submit { margin-left: 0; margin-top: var(--sp-2); text-align: center; }
  .nav__dropdown-menu {
    position: static; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;
    transform: none; box-shadow: none; border: none;
    padding-left: var(--sp-6);
  }
  .hero { padding: var(--sp-12) 0 var(--sp-10); }
  .hero__actions { flex-direction: column; align-items: center; }
  .metrics-strip__inner { gap: var(--sp-4); }
  .metrics-strip__item::after { display: none; }
  .journey-step::after { display: none; }
  .fact-item::after { display: none; }
  .grid--2, .grid--3, .grid--4 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer__top { flex-direction: column; gap: var(--sp-4); text-align: center; }
  .footer__links { justify-content: center; }
  .footer__social { justify-content: center; }
  .footer__bottom { flex-direction: column; gap: var(--sp-4); text-align: center; }
  .article-card--horizontal { display: block; }
  .section { padding: var(--sp-12) 0; }
  .facts-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .article-dates { flex-direction: column; gap: var(--sp-2); }
  .journey-steps { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  h1 { font-size: 1.75rem; }
  .hero__scope { font-size: var(--text-base); }
  .facts-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: var(--sp-4); }
  .journey-steps { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .journal-intro__actions { flex-direction: column; }
  .journal-intro__actions .btn { width: 100%; text-align: center; }
  .homepage-layout { padding: var(--sp-6) 0 var(--sp-10); }
  .homepage-layout__sidebar { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer__links { flex-direction: column; gap: var(--sp-3); }
}

/* ── Micro-Interactions ── */
.btn {
  transition: transform 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease, background-color 0.2s ease;
}
.btn:hover {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}
.btn:active {
  transform: translateY(0) scale(0.98);
}

.article-card {
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}
.article-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

/* Link underline slide animation */
.nav__link {
  position: relative;
}
.nav__link::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -2px;
  left: 0;
  width: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--accent);
  transition: width 0.3s ease;
}
.nav__link:hover::after {
  width: 100%;
}

/* ── Dark Mode Toggle ── */
.theme-toggle {
  background: none;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 4px 8px;
  font-size: var(--text-sm);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 4px;
  transition: all var(--duration-fast) var(--ease-out);
  margin-left: var(--sp-2);
}
.theme-toggle:hover {
  color: var(--text-primary);
  border-color: var(--text-muted);
}
.theme-toggle svg {
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
}

/* ── Back to Top Button ── */
.back-to-top {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 2rem;
  right: 2rem;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(26, 86, 219, 0.3);
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transform: translateY(16px);
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease, background-color 0.2s ease;
  z-index: 90;
}
.back-to-top.visible {
  opacity: 1;
  pointer-events: auto;
  transform: translateY(0);
}
.back-to-top:hover {
  background: var(--accent-hover);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.back-to-top svg {
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
}